mybatis基于传统dao的开发方式
第一步:开发接口
public interface UserDao {
public User getUserById(int id) throws Exception;
public void insertUser(User user) throws Exception;
}
第二步:设置实现类
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
private SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
public UserDaoImpl(SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) {
this.sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactory;
}
public UserDaoImpl() {
super();
}
@Override
public User getUserById(int id) throws Exception {
//获取sqlSession,需要使用sqlSessionFactory
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try {
User user = session.selectOne("selectUserById", id);
return user;
}
finally{
session.close();
}
}
@Override
public void insertUser(User user) throws Exception {
//获取sqlSession,需要使用sqlSessionFactory
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
try {
session.insert("insertUser", user);
session.commit();
}
finally{
session.close();
}
}
}
第三步:设置对应的mapper文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="mybatis.mapper.UserMapper">
<!-- 根据id获取用户信息 -->
<select id="selectUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="user">
select * from user where id = #{id}
</select>
<!-- 向数据库插入一条数据 -->
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="user">
<selectKey keyProperty="id" resultType="int" order="AFTER">
select last_insert_id();
</selectKey>
insert into user(username,birthday,sex,address)
values(#{username},#{birthday},#{sex},#{address})
</insert>
</mapper>
加载mapper文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 加载外部配置文件 -->
<properties resource="db.properties">
</properties>
<!-- 这个environments定义了我们的数据库的连接操作 -->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!-- 通过mappers来指定加载我们对应的mapper文件 -->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="UserMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
第五步:编写测试案例
public class UserDaoTest {
private SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory() throws IOException {
String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
return sqlSessionFactory;
}
@Test
public void testGetUserById() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl(sqlSessionFactory);
User user = userDao.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
}
@Test
public void testInsertUser() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl(sqlSessionFactory);
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("安茱莉");
user.setSex("0");
user.setAddress("好莱坞38号");
userDao.insertUser(user);
}
}
存在的问题
- Dao方法体存在重复代码:通过SqlSessionFactory创建SqlSession,调用SqlSession的数据库操作方法
- 调用sqlSession的数据库操作方法需要指定statement的id,这里存在硬编码,不得于开发维护。
通过接口代理的方式来开发dao
官方重点推荐这种方式
开发规范:
Mapper接口开发方法只需要编写Mapper接口(相当于Dao接口),由Mybatis框架根据接口定义创建接口的动态代理对象,代理对象的方法体同上边Dao接口实现类方法。
Mapper接口开发需要遵循以下规范:
1、 Mapper.xml文件中的namespace与mapper接口的类路径相同。
2、 Mapper接口方法名和Mapper.xml中定义的每个statement的id相同
3、 Mapper接口方法的输入参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql 的parameterType的类型相同
4、 Mapper接口方法的输出参数类型和mapper.xml中定义的每个sql的resultType的类型相同
第一步:定义接口
public interface UserMapper {
// 根据id查找用户
public User findUserById(int id) throws Exception;
// 插入用户信息
public void insertUser(User user) throws Exception;
}
第二步:定义mapper文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="mybatis.mapper.UserMapper">
<!-- 根据id获取用户信息 -->
<select id="findUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="user">
select * from user where id = #{id}
</select>
<!-- 向数据库插入一条数据 -->
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="user">
insert into user(username,birthday,sex,address)
values(#{username},#{birthday},#{sex},#{address})
</insert>
</mapper>
第三步:加载mapper文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 别名的配置 -->
<typeAliases>
<!-- 不区分大小写的 -->
<!-- <typeAlias type="domain.User" alias="user"/> -->
<!-- 扫描这个包下面的所有类,起别名,也是不区分大小写的 ,名字是类名不带包,推荐这种方式-->
<package name="domain"/>
</typeAliases>
<!-- 加载外部配置文件 -->
<properties resource="db.properties">
</properties>
<!-- 这个environments定义了我们的数据库的连接操作 -->
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!-- 通过mappers来指定加载我们对应的mapper文件 -->
<!-- 此种方法要求mapper接口名称和mapper映射文件名称相同,且放在同一个目录中。 -->
<mappers>
<mapper resource="mapper.xml"/>
<!-- <mapper class="mybatis.mapper.UserMapper"/> -->
<!-- 加载包下所有mapper接口,要求接口名称和mapper映射文件名称相同,且放在同一个目录中。 -->
<package name="mybatis.mapper"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
第四步:开发测试代码
public class UserMapperTest {
/**
* 通过接口代理开发dao层的测试
* 调用getUserById方法,传递id参数
* 输出user对象到控制台
*/
@Test
public void findUserByIdTest() throws Exception{
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = getSqlSessionFactory();
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(true);
//mybatis会产生一个代理对象
UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById(2);
System.out.println(user);
sqlSession.close();
}
...
/**
* 抽取方法,保证项目中SQLSessionFactory的单例
*/
private SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory() throws IOException {
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("sqlMapConfig.xml");
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
return sqlSessionFactory;
}
}
补充:mybatis默认支持的别名:
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