进行升级版本之前请一定做好备份！查看当前版本：

[postgres@node1 ~]$ psql

psql (9.4.4)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=# select 

version();version 

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PostgreSQL 9.4.4 on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4), 64-bit(1 row)

$PGDATA：

/opt/pg9.4.4//data

/opt/pg9.6.2//data

升级至9.6.2

安装新版本：

[root@node1 upload]# mkdir -p /opt/pg9.6.2//data

[root@node1 upload]# tar -zxvf postgresql-9.6.2.tar.gz

./configure --prefix=/opt/pg9.6.2/

1. --with-pgport=5433  \  【建议在此处直接更改了端口】
2. --with-perl --with-python --with-tcl  \  
3. --with-openssl  --without-ldap  \  
4.  --with-libxml  --with-libxslt    \  
5. --enable-thread-safety    \  
6. --with-wal-blocksize=64   \  
7. --with-blocksize=32 \  
8. --with-wal-segsize=64 \  
9. -enable-dtrace  \  
10. --enable-debug  

make

make install

[postgres@node1 ~]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/initdb -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/

--encoding=utf8   -U postgres  【可以指定字符集和用户】

如果安装的时候没有更改端口的话则此时应该：

vim postgresql.conf

port = 5433 

log_destination = 'stderr'

logging_collector = on

log_directory = 'pg_log'

[postgres@node1 data]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/ start

[postgres@node1 data]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/ status

pg_ctl: server is running (PID: 12720)/opt/pg9.6.2/bin/postgres "-D" "

/opt/pg9.6.2/data"

[postgres@node1 data]$ exit

logout

[root@node1 postgresql-9.6.2]# netstat -lntp | grep postgres

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:5432 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2271/postgres

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:5433 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 12720/postgres

tcp 0 0 :::5432 :::* LISTEN 2271/postgres

tcp 0 0 ::1:5433 :::* LISTEN 12720/postgres

至此，新库安装启动成功

关闭两个库：

[postgres@node1 ~]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/ stop

[postgres@node1 ~]$ /opt/pg9.4.4/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/pg9.4.4/data/ stop

升级前的检测：

[postgres@node1 bin]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/pg_upgrade -c --link -b /opt/pg9.4.4/bin -B /opt/pg9.6.2/bin -d /opt/pg9.4.4/data -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/ -p 5432 -P 5433

Performing Consistency Checks

-----------------------------

Checking cluster versions ok

Checking database user is the install user ok

Checking database connection settings ok

Checking for prepared transactions ok

Checking for reg* system OID user data types ok

Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok

Checking for roles starting with 'pg_' ok

Checking for presence of required libraries fatal

Your installation references loadable libraries that are missing from thenew installation. You can add these libraries to the new installation,or remove the functions using them from the old installation. A list ofproblem libraries is in the file:loadable_libraries.txt

Failure, exiting

备注： -b, -B 分别表示老版本 PG bin 目录，新版本 PG bin目录， -d, -D 分别表示老版本PG 数据目录，新版本 PG 数据目录， -c 表示仅检查，并不会做任何更改， 根据提示查看文件 loadable_libraries.txt 。

cat /opt/pg9.4.4/bin/loadable_libraries.txt

could not load library "$libdir/dblink":

ERROR: could not access file "$libdir/dblink": No such file or directory

could not load library "$libdir/postgres_fdw":

ERROR: could not access file "$libdir/postgres_fdw": No such file or directory

could not load library "$libdir/slony1_funcs":

ERROR: could not access file "$libdir/slony1_funcs": No such file or directory

检测发现：新库缺少一些旧库已经安装的工具和软件

解决方案：

cd /upload/postgresql-9.6.2/contrib/

make

make install postgres_fdw

make install dblink

【这两个插件9.6.2也有，且是常用的小型插件，可以直接在9.6.2环境中安装】

此时node1和node2的test01和test02是可以同步的，即slony-i是可以正常使用的。

思路：可以卸载slony-i 来实现升级postgresql或者同时升级slony-i来升级postgresql。

本博客使用卸载升级：（博主认为像slony-i这种工具由于对不同版本的postgres数据库有着不同的版本要求，升级slony-i更容易出问题，不如直接删除然后在新的数据库重新安装同步）

① 关闭守护进程：

slon_kill 1

slon_kill 2

② 卸载节点：

slonik_uninstall_nodes | slonik

③查看安装模式：

master=# \dn

List of schemas

Name | Owner

 --------------+----------

_replication | slony

public | postgres

(2 rows)

④删除Slony安装的模式：【此处应确认slon运行守护程序已经关闭】

master=# DROP SCHEMA _replication CASCADE;

slave=# DROP SCHEMA _replication CASCADE;

[postgres@node1 ~]$ slonslony_show_configuration

-bash: slonslony_show_configuration: command not found

【检测一下配置，发现已经完全卸载干净了，需要注意的是slon-i并不是删除所有有关目录和文件即可删除！】

重新检测：

[postgres@node1 ~]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/pg_upgrade -c --link -b /opt/pg9.4.4/bin -B /opt/pg9.6.2/bin -d /opt/pg9.4.4/data -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/ -p 5432 -P 5433

Performing Consistency Checks

-----------------------------

Checking cluster versions ok

Checking database user is the install user ok

Checking database connection settings ok

Checking for prepared transactions ok

Checking for reg* system OID user data types ok

Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok

Checking for roles starting with 'pg_' ok

Checking for presence of required libraries ok

Checking database user is the install user ok

Checking for prepared transactions ok

*Clusters are compatible*

两种升级方式: 

1).缺省的通过拷贝数据文件到新的data目录下，拷贝的方式升级较慢，但是原库还可用；

2).硬链接的方式升级较快，但是原库不可用.

一般来说是建议使用硬链接的方式来升级的，这样更符合实际生产但是需要注意无论是哪种方式，升级要停库且升级时间不可控，这也是升级的弊端升级：

[postgres@node1 ~]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/pg_upgrade --link -b /opt/pg9.4.4/bin -B /opt/pg9.6.2/bin -d /opt/pg9.4.4/data -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/ -p 5432 -P 5433

Performing Consistency Checks

-----------------------------

Checking cluster versions ok

Checking database user is the install user ok

Checking database connection settings ok

Checking for prepared transactions ok

Checking for reg* system OID user data types ok

Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok

Checking for roles starting with 'pg_' ok

Creating dump of global objects ok

Creating dump of database schemas

ok

Checking for presence of required libraries ok

Checking database user is the install user ok

Checking for prepared transactions ok

If pg_upgrade fails after this point, you must re-initdb thenew cluster before continuing.

Performing Upgrade

------------------

Analyzing all rows in the new cluster ok

Freezing all rows on the new cluster ok

Deleting files from new pg_clog ok

Copying old pg_clog to new server ok

Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster ok

Deleting files from new pg_multixact/offsets ok

Copying old pg_multixact/offsets to new server ok

Deleting files from new pg_multixact/members ok

Copying old pg_multixact/members to new server ok

Setting next multixact ID and offset for new cluster ok

Resetting WAL archives okSetting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster ok

Restoring global objects in the new cluster

*failure*

Consult the last few lines of "pg_upgrade_utility.log" forthe probable cause of the failure.

Failure, exiting

提示：恢复新集群中的全局变量失败，到该日志下查看并没有发现有用的信息。猜测是因为心集群无法正常启动。

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/initdb -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/

根据前面的提示重新初始化了新的数据库，但是还是没有任何改变。

[postgres@node1 ~]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/psql -p5433/opt/pg9.6.2/bin/psql: symbol lookup error: /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/psql: undefined symbol: PQsetErrorContextVisibility

果然，问题出现在了新集群的启动上，出现该问题的原因是目前状态的lib仍是指定到了旧的数据库，临时定义LD_LIBRARY_PATH到新数据库

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/pg9.6.2/lib:$HOME/lib

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/psql -p5433

psql (9.6.2)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \l

List of databases

Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges

-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------

postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |

template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +

| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres

template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +

| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres

(3 rows)

postgres=# \q

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ pg_ctl start

server starting

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process

HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ psql

psql (9.4.4)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=# 

postgres=# \q

可以发现此时新旧数据库都可以登入

关闭服务：

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ pg_ctl stop

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/ stop

重新升级：

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ /opt/pg9.6.2/bin/pg_upgrade --link -b /opt/pg9.4.4/bin -B /opt/pg9.6.2/bin -d /opt/pg9.4.4/data -D /opt/pg9.6.2/data/ -p 5432 -P 5433

Performing Consistency Checks

-----------------------------

Checking cluster versions ok

Checking database user is the install user ok

Checking database connection settings ok

Checking for prepared transactions ok

Checking for reg* system OID user data types ok

Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok

Checking for roles starting with 'pg_' ok

Creating dump of global objects ok

Creating dump of database schemas

ok

Checking for presence of required libraries ok

Checking database user is the install user ok

Checking for prepared transactions ok

If pg_upgrade fails after this point, you must re-initdb thenew cluster before continuing.

Performing Upgrade

------------------

Analyzing all rows in the new cluster ok

Freezing all rows on the new cluster ok

Deleting files from new pg_clog ok

Copying old pg_clog to new server ok

Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster ok

Deleting files from new pg_multixact/offsets ok

Copying old pg_multixact/offsets to new server ok

Deleting files from new pg_multixact/members ok

Copying old pg_multixact/members to new server ok

Setting next multixact ID and offset for new cluster ok

Resetting WAL archives okSetting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster ok

Restoring global objects in the new cluster ok

Restoring database schemas in the new cluster

ok

Adding ".old" suffix to old global/pg_control ok

If you want to start the old cluster, you will need to removethe ".old" suffix from /opt/pg9.4.4/data/global/pg_control.old.

Because "link" mode was used, the old cluster cannot be safelystarted once the new cluster has been started.

Linking user relation files

ok

Setting next OID for new cluster ok

Sync data directory to disk ok

Creating to analyze new cluster ok

Creating to delete old cluster ok

Upgrade Complete

----------------

Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade so,once you start the new server, consider running:./analyze_new_cluster.sh

Running this will delete the old cluster's data files:

./delete_old_cluster.sh

查看新数据库端口：

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ grep -i "^port" /opt/pg9.6.2/data/postgresql.confport = 5433 # (change requires restart)

修改端口号为5432

【sed -i直接修改读取的文件内容，而不是输出到终端。】

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ sed -i "s/5433/5432/1" /opt/pg9.6.2/data/postgresql.conf

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ grep -i "^port" /opt/pg9.6.2/data/postgresql.conf

port = 5432 # (change requires restart)

修改环境变量：

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then.

 ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

#export PGHOME=/opt/pg9.4.4/

export PGHOME=/opt/pg9.6.2/

export PGDATA=$PGHOME/data

export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib

#默认端口

#export PGPORT=5432

#默认密码

#export PGPASSWORD=''

#默认字符集

#export.utf8

#PostgreSQL默认主机地址

#export PGHOST=127.0.0.1

#默认的数据库名

 #export PGDATABASE=postgres

#PostgreSQL的 man 手册

#export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH

#PostgreSQL 连接库文件

#export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

#export DATE=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`

source ~/.bash_profile

检测升级效果，查看新库是否有原有数据：

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ pg_ctl startserver starting

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector processHINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log".[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ psql

psql (9.6.2)

Type "help" for help.

postgres=# \l

List of databases

Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges

-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------

master | slony | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |

postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |

template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +

| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres

template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | postgres=CTc/postgres+

| | | | | =c/postgres

(4 rows)

postgres=# \d

List of relations

Schema | Name | Type | Owner

--------+--------------------+---------------+----------

public | dblink_test00_view | view | postgres

public | qqq | foreign table | postgres

public | test01 | table | postgres

(3 rows)

一切正常

执行脚本

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ ./analyze_new_cluster.sh

这个脚本其实就一条 vacuumdb 命令，收集新库统计信息

This will generate minimal optimizer statistics rapidlyso your system is usable, and then gather statistics twice morewith increasing accuracy. When it is done, your system willhave the default level of optimizer statistics.

If you have used ALTER TABLE to modify the statistics target forany tables, you might want to remove them and restore them afterrunning this because they will delay fast statistics generation.

If you would like default statistics as quickly as possible, cancelthis and run:"/opt/pg9.6.2/bin/vacuumdb" --all --analyze-only

vacuumdb: processing database "master": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)

vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)

vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)

vacuumdb: processing database "master": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)

vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)

vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)

vacuumdb: processing database "master": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics

vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics

vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics

删除旧数据库data：

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ cat delete_old_cluster.sh

#!/bin/sh

rm -rf '/opt/pg9.4.4/data'

[postgres@node1 pg9.6.2]$ ./delete_old_cluster.sh

[postgres@node1 opt]$ ls pg9.4.4/ -l

total 20

drwxr-xr-x. 2 postgres postgres 4096 Mar 30 17:59 bin

drwxr-xr-x. 4 postgres postgres 4096 Mar 13 12:56 include

drwxr-xr-x. 4 postgres postgres 4096 Mar 30 14:22 lib

drwxr-xr-x. 4 postgres postgres 4096 Mar 28 16:54 share

drwxrwxr-x. 3 postgres postgres 4096 Mar 30 14:46 slonylog

[postgres@node1 opt]$ postgres --version

postgres (PostgreSQL) 9.6.2

至此升级完成！

根据需求实际修改postgresql.conf, pg_hba.conf等文件。