ssh_scan 是一个面向 Linux 和 UNIX 服务器的易用的 SSH 服务参数配置和策略的扫描器程序,其思路来自Mozilla OpenSSH 安全指南,这个指南为 SSH 服务参数配置提供了一个可靠的安全策略基线的建议,如加密算法(Ciphers),报文认证信息码算法(MAC),密钥交换算法(KexAlgos)和其它。
ssh_scan 有如下好处:
· 它的依赖是最小化的,ssh_scan 只引入了本地 Ruby 和 BinData 来进行它的工作,没有太多的依赖。
· 它是可移植的,你可以在其它的项目中使用 ssh_scan 或者将它用在自动化任务上。
· 它是易于使用的,只需要简单的将它指向一个 SSH 服务就可以获得一个该服务所支持的选项和策略状态的 JSON 格式报告。
· 它同时也是易于配置的,你可以创建适合你策略需求的策略。
建议阅读: 如何在 Linux 上安装配置 OpenSSH 服务
如何在 Linux 上安装 ssh_scan
有如下三种安装 ssh_scan 的方式:
使用 Ruby gem 来安装运行,如下:
1. ----------- 在 Debian/Ubuntu -----------
2. $ sudo apt-get install ruby gem
3. $ sudo gem install ssh_scan
4. ----------- 在 CentOS/RHEL -----------
5. # yum install ruby rubygem
6. # gem install ssh_scan
使用docker 容器来运行,如下:
1. # docker pull mozilla/ssh_scan
2. # docker run -it mozilla/ssh_scan /app/bin/ssh_scan -t github.com
使用源码安装运行,如下:
1. # git clone https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan.git
2. # cd ssh_scan
3. # gpg2 --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
4. # curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
5. # rvm install 2.3.1
6. # rvm use 2.3.1
7. # gem install bundler
8. # bundle install
9. # ./bin/ssh_scan
如何在 Linux 上使用 ssh_scan
使用 ssh_scan 的语法如下:
1. $ ssh_scan -t ip地址
2. $ ssh_scan -t 主机名
举个例子来扫描 192.168.43.198 这台服务器的 SSH 配置和策略,键入:
1. $ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198
注意你同时也可以像下方展示的给 -t 选项传入一个[IP地址/地址段/主机名]:
1. $ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198,200,205
2. $ ssh_scan -t test.tecmint.lan
输出示例:
1. I, [2017-05-09T10:36:17.913644 #7145] INFO -- : You're using the latest version of ssh_scan 0.0.19
2. [
3. {
4. "ssh_scan_version": "0.0.19",
5. "ip": "192.168.43.198",
6. "port": 22,
7. "server_banner": "SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.1",
8. "ssh_version": 2.0,
9. "os": "ubuntu",
10. "os_cpe": "o:canonical:ubuntu:16.04",
11. "ssh_lib": "openssh",
12. "ssh_lib_cpe": "a:openssh:openssh:7.2p2",
13. "cookie": "68b17bcca652eeaf153ed18877770a38",
14. "key_algorithms": [
15. "curve25519-sha256@libssh.org",
16. "ecdh-sha2-nistp256",
17. "ecdh-sha2-nistp384",
18. "ecdh-sha2-nistp521",
19. "diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256",
20. "diffie-hellman-group14-sha1"
21. ],
22. "server_host_key_algorithms": [
23. "ssh-rsa",
24. "rsa-sha2-512",
25. "rsa-sha2-256",
26. "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256",
27. "ssh-ed25519"
28. ],
29. "encryption_algorithms_client_to_server": [
30. "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com",
31. "aes128-ctr",
32. "aes192-ctr",
33. "aes256-ctr",
34. "aes128-gcm@openssh.com",
35. "aes256-gcm@openssh.com"
36. ],
37. "encryption_algorithms_server_to_client": [
38. "chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com",
39. "aes128-ctr",
40. "aes192-ctr",
41. "aes256-ctr",
42. "aes128-gcm@openssh.com",
43. "aes256-gcm@openssh.com"
44. ],
45. "mac_algorithms_client_to_server": [
46. "umac-64-etm@openssh.com",
47. "umac-128-etm@openssh.com",
48. "hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com",
49. "hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com",
50. "hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com",
51. "umac-64@openssh.com",
52. "umac-128@openssh.com",
53. "hmac-sha2-256",
54. "hmac-sha2-512",
55. "hmac-sha1"
56. ],
57. "mac_algorithms_server_to_client": [
58. "umac-64-etm@openssh.com",
59. "umac-128-etm@openssh.com",
60. "hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com",
61. "hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com",
62. "hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com",
63. "umac-64@openssh.com",
64. "umac-128@openssh.com",
65. "hmac-sha2-256",
66. "hmac-sha2-512",
67. "hmac-sha1"
68. ],
69. "compression_algorithms_client_to_server": [
70. "none",
71. "zlib@openssh.com"
72. ],
73. "compression_algorithms_server_to_client": [
74. "none",
75. "zlib@openssh.com"
76. ],
77. "languages_client_to_server": [
78. ],
79. "languages_server_to_client": [
80. ],
81. "hostname": "tecmint",
82. "auth_methods": [
83. "publickey",
84. "password"
85. ],
86. "fingerprints": {
87. "rsa": {
88. "known_bad": "false",
89. "md5": "0e:d0:d7:11:f0:9b:f8:33:9c:ab:26:77:e5:66:9e:f4",
90. "sha1": "fc:8d:d5:a1:bf:52:48:a6:7e:f9:a6:2f:af:ca:e2:f0:3a:9a:b7:fa",
91. "sha256": "ff:00:b4:a4:40:05:19:27:7c:33:aa:db:a6:96:32:88:8e:bf:05:a1:81:c0:a4:a8:16:01:01:0b:20:37:81:11"
92. }
93. },
94. "start_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:17 +0300",
95. "end_time": "2017-05-09 10:36:18 +0300",
96. "scan_duration_seconds": 0.221573169,
97. "duplicate_host_key_ips": [
98. ],
99. "compliance": {
100. "policy": "Mozilla Modern",
101. "compliant": false,
102. "recommendations": [
103. "Remove these Key Exchange Algos: diffie-hellman-group14-sha1",
104. "Remove these MAC Algos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com, hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com, umac-64@openssh.com, hmac-sha1",
105. "Remove these Authentication Methods: password"
106. ],
107. "references": [
108. "https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/OpenSSH"
109. ]
110. }
111. }
112. ]
你可以使用 -p 选项来指定不同的端口,-L 选项来开启日志记录配合 -V 选项来指定日志级别:
1. $ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -p 22222 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO
另外,可以使用 -P 或 --policy 选项来指定一个策略文件(默认是 Mozilla Modern)(LCTT 译注:这里的 Modern 可能指的是 https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS 中提到的 Modern compatibility ):
1. $ ssh_scan -t 192.168.43.198 -L ssh-scan.log -V INFO -P /path/to/custom/policy/file
ssh_scan 使用帮助与其它示例:
1. $ ssh_scan -h
输出示例:
1. ssh_scan v0.0.17 (https://github.com/mozilla/ssh_scan)
2. Usage: ssh_scan [options]
3. -t, --target [IP/Range/Hostname] IP/Ranges/Hostname to scan
4. -f, --file [FilePath] File Path of the file containing IP/Range/Hostnames to scan
5. -T, --timeout [seconds] Timeout per connect after which ssh_scan gives up on the host
6. -L, --logger [Log File Path] Enable logger
7. -O, --from_json [FilePath] File to read JSON output from
8. -o, --output [FilePath] File to write JSON output to
9. -p, --port [PORT] Port (Default: 22)
10. -P, --policy [FILE] Custom policy file (Default: Mozilla Modern)
11. --threads [NUMBER] Number of worker threads (Default: 5)
12. --fingerprint-db [FILE] File location of fingerprint database (Default: ./fingerprints.db)
13. --suppress-update-status Do not check for updates
14. -u, --unit-test [FILE] Throw appropriate exit codes based on compliance status
15. -V [STD_LOGGING_LEVEL],
16. --verbosity
17. -v, --version Display just version info
18. -h, --help Show this message
19. Examples:
20. ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1
21. ssh_scan -t server.example.com
22. ssh_scan -t ::1
23. ssh_scan -t ::1 -T 5
24. ssh_scan -f hosts.txt
25. ssh_scan -o output.json
26. ssh_scan -O output.json -o rescan_output.json
27. ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222
28. ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -p 22222 -L output.log -V INFO
29. ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 -P custom_policy.yml
30. ssh_scan -t 192.168.1.1 --unit-test -P custom_policy.yml
SSH 服务器相关参考阅读:
1. 使用 SSH Keygen(ssh-keygen)五步实现 SSH 免密登录
登录 | 立即注册